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Physical map showing approximate political frontiers in Green. The Shan and Lao states are shown independent of (or tributary to) Siam. Chiang Mai ('Tshien-Mai'and Luang Prabang are both shown lying within the frontiers of a greater Siam,, but the territoryy of Chiang Mai extends further to the northwest, into Burma's Shan State, beyond the Salween River, than it does today. <br/><br/> Cambodia is much curtailed, with Angkor and Battambang part of Siam. Champa is still indicated in southern Vietnam ('Tshampa'), though it finally ceased to exist in 1832. The Lao kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane (Vien Tscan) and Champassak are all represented as part of Greater Siam. The Anglo-French competition for dominion over the region was just starting, and over the next 30 years Siam would lose much of its territory to the east and Northeast, as well as in the Malayan Peninsula.
A Political map of mainland Southeast Asia including Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, as well as peninsular Malaysia, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and part of Sumatra. <br/><br/> Published, apparently, just before the 3rd Anglo-Burmese War (1885-86) which would extinguish Burmese independence, it shows 'Independent Burma' in an approximate rectangle around Mandalay. To the east lies the 'Independent Shan Country' encompassing the Burmese Shan States and northern Laos. East of this again is Tonkin, or northern Vietnam, where the 'Independent Tribes' represent the semi-independent Tai domain of Sipsongchuthai, absorbed by the French in 1888 and now a part of Vietnam. <br/><br/> South of this again, the 'Shan States' encompass the former Lan Na Kingdom centred on Chiang Mai to the west, and the Lao kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane and Champassak to the east. Chiang Mai is no longer shown as extending west of the Salween River, as is the case in some earlier European maps. Interestingly (and culturally, though no longer politically) accurate, Nong Khai and Ubon Ratchathani are shown as part of the Lao states tributary to Siam. <br/><br/> To the south, Bangkok is clearly indicated as the capital of Siam, while Siamese control over more than half of Cambodia, including Angkor Wat and Battambang, is indicated. Cochinchina is shown as a French colony (1862). Siamese control is acknowledged over most of peninsular Malaya, though the nascent British Straits Settlements at Penang and Province Wellesley (1867) are shown.
A detailed and remarkably accurate map of Burma, Siam, Vietnam, Cambodia and Malaya dating from 1886 and showing the rectangle of independent Burma around Mandalay - which was losing its independence to Great Britain in 1885-1886 when the map was published. The Burmese Shan States are shown as under Burmese influence (shortly to be replaced by that of Great Britain), while the (Siamese) 'Shan States' of the former Lan Na Kingdom at Chiang Mai (Zimme) and the Lao Kingdom of Luang Phrabang are shown as de facto tributaries of Siam. <br/><br/> Within the Chiang Mai portion of the Shan States, Zimme (Chiang Mai) includes the territories of Lamphun (Labong), Lampang (Lagong) and Chiang Rai (K. Hai), but Fang and points north are shown as part of the Burmese Shan States. The 'Independent Tribes' region in Tonkin (Tonquin) corresponds to the former White Tai Princedom of Sipsongchuthai, absorbed by the French in 1882 and now a part of Vietnam. <br/><br/> Further south, the former Lao kingdoms of Vien Chan (Vientiane) and Bassac (Champassak) are shown as directly administered Siamese posessions, as is all western and northern Cambodia including Angkor Wat and Battambang. To the south, Siamese possessions extend far into Malaysian Kelantan and Terengganu, and as far south as Kedah. <br/><br/> The map - showing proposed and existing railways - indicated projected rail links between Bangkok and Simao in southern Yunnan via Raheng (Tak) and Jinghong (Kianghung); Between Tak (Rakheng) and Moulmein (Maulmain) linking to the existing British-built track in southern Burma; and north from Tongoo in Burma to Sadiya in Assam, linking Southeast Asia to India by rail. By 2012, more than 125 years after this map was drawn, few of these links had actually been constructed, though several - notably linking southern China with Thailand - are still being planned.
This map was produced at the height of British Imperial power and shows direct British rule extending all the way from Iran (Persia) to Thailand (Siam). Most of the contiguous Indian Ocean littoral, from South Africa to Singapore and Australia, was also under British administration or de facto control.<br/><br/> It is relevant to note that the map shows Sikkim extending north into the present-day territory of China's Tibetan Autonomous Region. Similarly Darjeeling is shown in eastern Nepal, while Bhutan is elongated to the east and most of India's Arunachal Pradesh province is shown as part of the Qing Empire. In Kashmir, by contrast, the disputed Aksai Chin region, now under Chinese control, is shown as part of India.
Detail of a British map dating from the early 19th century. Burma's Tenasserim Province (pink) is marked as being British and was seized by Britain after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826).<br/><br/> The geography is very imperfect, the first Brirish surveying teams into 'Laos Land' not being dispatched until the missions of McLeod and Richardson (1836-37). Chiang Mai, the Lan Na capital, at this time under the rule of Chao Phuttawong (1825-46), is identified as 'Saymamay'. The Lao capital, Vientiane, conquered and despoiled by Siam in 1828, is identified as Lanchang, and placed on the wrong, west bank of the Mekong River. Luang Prabang, to the north, is probably identified as (the more northerly) M. Loun.<br/><br/> Hanoi, the capital of Tonkin to the Northeast, is identified (puzzlingly) as 'Kesho' or 'Tongquin', the latter being 'Eastern Capital' in Vietnamese. To the south, is still identified as the old capital of Siam, 'Yuthia' (Ayutthaya), although the capital was moved to Bangkok in 1782.<br/><br/> The River Salween is shown as the frontier between the Lan Na Kingdom and Burma, while the northernmost part of Lan Na is shown to extend north, into the Shan States in the region of Kengtung
Herman Moll (c. 1654 – September 22, 1732), was a cartographer, engraver, and publisher. Moll produced his earliest maps from studying cartographers such as John Senex and Emanuel Bowen. He probably sold his first maps from a stall in various places in London. From 1688 he had his own shop in Vanley's Court in London's Blackfriars. Between 1691 and 1710 his business was located at the corner of Spring Gardens and Charing Cross, and he finally moved along the River Thames to Beech Street where he remained until his death.
A German map of mainland Southeast Asia showing Assam, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and part of Sumatra.<br/><br/>The Tanintharyi or Tenasserim region of southern Myanmar is shown as under Siamese (Thai) administration, while the former Lan Na Kingdom, with Chiang Mai ('Janzalayen') as its main city, is shown as tributary to Myanmar / Burma. Both are incorrect, as Tanintharyi passed under British control in 1826, while Lan Na (Chiang Mai) asserted its independence from Burma in 1775.